Monopoly Wiki

Monopoly Wiki. Monopoly Wiki is about the Parker Brothers board game, including: fun facts, history of the game, and other things that you won't find anywhere else concerning Monopoly.

The character locked behind the bars is called Jake the Jailbird. Officer Edgar Mallory sent him to jail. Before then, he was called "Rich Uncle Pennybags".

Here is a video of two players simulating such a game in just 13 seconds, with text description of the plays. It may also be noted that it is illegal to try to obtain a monopoly, by practices of buying out the competition, or equal practices.

If one occurs naturally, such as a competitor going out of business, or lack of competition, it is not illegal until such time as the monopoly holder abuses the power.

First it is necessary to determine whether a company is dominant, or whether it behaves "to an appreciable extent independently of its competitors, customers and ultimately of its consumer".

Establishing dominance is a two-stage test. The first thing to consider is market definition which is one of the crucial factors of the test.

As the definition of the market is of a matter of interchangeability, if the goods or services are regarded as interchangeable then they are within the same product market.

It is necessary to define it because some goods can only be supplied within a narrow area due to technical, practical or legal reasons and this may help to indicate which undertakings impose a competitive constraint on the other undertakings in question.

Since some goods are too expensive to transport where it might not be economic to sell them to distant markets in relation to their value, therefore the cost of transporting is a crucial factor here.

Other factors might be legal controls which restricts an undertaking in a Member States from exporting goods or services to another.

Market definition may be difficult to measure but is important because if it is defined too broadly, the undertaking may be more likely to be found dominant and if it is defined too narrowly, the less likely that it will be found dominant.

As with collusive conduct, market shares are determined with reference to the particular market in which the company and product in question is sold.

It does not in itself determine whether an undertaking is dominant but work as an indicator of the states of the existing competition within the market.

It sums up the squares of the individual market shares of all of the competitors within the market.

The lower the total, the less concentrated the market and the higher the total, the more concentrated the market. By European Union law, very large market shares raise a presumption that a company is dominant, which may be rebuttable.

The lowest yet market share of a company considered "dominant" in the EU was If a company has a dominant position, then there is a special responsibility not to allow its conduct to impair competition on the common market however these will all falls away if it is not dominant.

When considering whether an undertaking is dominant, it involves a combination of factors. Each of them cannot be taken separately as if they are, they will not be as determinative as they are when they are combined together.

According to the Guidance, there are three more issues that must be examined. They are actual competitors that relates to the market position of the dominant undertaking and its competitors, potential competitors that concerns the expansion and entry and lastly the countervailing buyer power.

Market share may be a valuable source of information regarding the market structure and the market position when it comes to accessing it.

The dynamics of the market and the extent to which the goods and services differentiated are relevant in this area. It concerns with the competition that would come from other undertakings which are not yet operating in the market but will enter it in the future.

So, market shares may not be useful in accessing the competitive pressure that is exerted on an undertaking in this area.

The potential entry by new firms and expansions by an undertaking must be taken into account, [86] therefore the barriers to entry and barriers to expansion is an important factor here.

Competitive constraints may not always come from actual or potential competitors. Sometimes, it may also come from powerful customers who have sufficient bargaining strength which come from its size or its commercial significance for a dominant firm.

There are three main types of abuses which are exploitative abuse, exclusionary abuse and single market abuse.

It arises when a monopolist has such significant market power that it can restrict its output while increasing the price above the competitive level without losing customers.

This is most concerned about by the Commissions because it is capable of causing long- term consumer damage and is more likely to prevent the development of competition.

It arises when a dominant undertaking carrying out excess pricing which would not only have an exploitative effect but also prevent parallel imports and limits intra- brand competition.

Despite wide agreement that the above constitute abusive practices, there is some debate about whether there needs to be a causal connection between the dominant position of a company and its actual abusive conduct.

Furthermore, there has been some consideration of what happens when a company merely attempts to abuse its dominant position. To provide a more specific example, economic and philosophical scholar Adam Smith cites that trade to the East India Company has, for the most part, been subjected to an exclusive company such as that of the English or Dutch.

Monopolies such as these are generally established against the nation in which they arose out of. The profound economist goes on to state how there are two types of monopolies.

The first type of monopoly is one which tends to always attract to the particular trade where the monopoly was conceived, a greater proportion of the stock of the society than what would go to that trade originally.

The second type of monopoly tends to occasionally attract stock towards the particular trade where it was conceived, and sometimes repel it from that trade depending on varying circumstances.

Rich countries tended to repel while poorer countries were attracted to this. For example, The Dutch company would dispose of any excess goods not taken to the market in order to preserve their monopoly while the English sold more goods for better prices.

Both of these tendencies were extremely destructive as can be seen in Adam Smith's writings. The term "monopoly" first appears in Aristotle 's Politics.

Vending of common salt sodium chloride was historically a natural monopoly. Until recently, a combination of strong sunshine and low humidity or an extension of peat marshes was necessary for producing salt from the sea, the most plentiful source.

Changing sea levels periodically caused salt " famines " and communities were forced to depend upon those who controlled the scarce inland mines and salt springs, which were often in hostile areas e.

The Salt Commission was a legal monopoly in China. Formed in , the Commission controlled salt production and sales in order to raise tax revenue for the Tang Dynasty.

The " Gabelle " was a notoriously high tax levied upon salt in the Kingdom of France. The much-hated levy had a role in the beginning of the French Revolution , when strict legal controls specified who was allowed to sell and distribute salt.

First instituted in , the Gabelle was not permanently abolished until Robin Gollan argues in The Coalminers of New South Wales that anti-competitive practices developed in the coal industry of Australia's Newcastle as a result of the business cycle.

The monopoly was generated by formal meetings of the local management of coal companies agreeing to fix a minimum price for sale at dock.

This collusion was known as "The Vend". The Vend ended and was reformed repeatedly during the late 19th century, ending by recession in the business cycle.

During the early 20th century, as a result of comparable monopolistic practices in the Australian coastal shipping business, the Vend developed as an informal and illegal collusion between the steamship owners and the coal industry, eventually resulting in the High Court case Adelaide Steamship Co.

Ltd v. Standard Oil was an American oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in , it became the largest oil refiner in the world.

Rockefeller was a founder, chairman and major shareholder. The company was an innovator in the development of the business trust.

The Standard Oil trust streamlined production and logistics, lowered costs, and undercut competitors. Its controversial history as one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations ended in , when the United States Supreme Court ruled that Standard was an illegal monopoly.

The Standard Oil trust was dissolved into 33 smaller companies; two of its surviving "child" companies are ExxonMobil and the Chevron Corporation. Steel has been accused of being a monopoly.

Morgan and Elbert H. The character first appeared on Chance and Community Chest cards in U. The identity of the designer of the character, artist Dan Fox, was unknown until , when a former Parker Brothers executive, Philip Orbanes , was contacted by one of Fox's grandchildren.

The unnamed character made his first appearance outside of Monopoly within the Parker Brothers' game Dig , released in His likeness appeared on that game's box lid, game instructions, and currency.

Between and , the character appeared in the second "O" in the word Monopoly as part of the game's logo. More recently, the character is depicted over the word "Monopoly", drawn in a 3-D style, and extending his right hand.

Le Monopoly litt. Le hasard y joue une part importante. Lorsqu'un joueur est en prison, il pose son pion sur la case Prison. Le joueur ne peut rester plus de trois tours en prison.

Les valeurs des rues ne sont pas inscrites sur le tableau de jeu. Selon l'argent dont on dispose, il faut donc choisir prudemment sur quelle case investir [ 5 ].

Le calcul permet alors de conclure que le quartier ayant le plus haut rendement est le quartier orange, devant le quartier jaune [ 33 ].

La monnaie est le franc suisse. En , les projets de film sont toujours en stand-by et aucun film n'est encore sorti [ 45 ].

Wikimedia Commons. Main article: Ms. Main article: Monopoly Deal. Main article: Monopoly money. Main article: Monopoly video games. Main article: McDonald's Monopoly.

Main article: Monopoly game show. Game description: Gay Monopoly — A celebration of gay life. Tokens: Jeep, teddy bear, blow drier, leather cap, handcuffs, stiletto heel.

Other features: Board layout is circular rather than square. Free Software. Game description: A parody game based on Anti-Monopoly.

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. February Learn how and when to remove this template message. The New York Times. Retrieved February 14, Wolfe The San Francisco Bay Guardian.

Archived from the original on November 30, Retrieved October 28, New Statesman. Da Capo Press. The Guardian. April 11, The Monopoly Book.

Retrieved July 27, Retrieved June 20, Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved December 7, ABC News. Retrieved September 18, Wall Street Journal.

October 20, The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 11, The Vindicator. Los Angeles Times. San Diego Union Tribune. Boston Globe. The Globe Company.

Retrieved December 4, NBC News. October 22, Retrieved March 4, June 12, Retrieved September 3, June 6, Houston Chronicle. Bloomberg News.

Star Tribune. Retrieved January 12, New Straits Times. Retrieved December 21, Archived from the original on March 3, Retrieved February 21, Archived from the original on March 6, McGraw Hill Education.

Monopoly History. Archived from the original on January 26, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. Archived from the original on March 22, Retrieved June 10, The Route of the Blue Comet.

March 8, Retrieved September 2, Atlantic Monthly. Retrieved April 23, August 22, Cities Edition board game". CBC News.

January 13, Archived from the original on January 17, Archived from the original on February 21, Archived from the original on September 3, Archived from the original on December 2, Edition Game".

Parents' Choice Foundation. Retrieved November 5, Archived from the original on December 30, Retrieved April 9, Archived from the original on April 2, Archived from the original on September 2, Retrieved September 15, Retrieved November 15, Archived from the original PDF on April 7, Archived from the original PDF on December 10, Retrieved February 11, Archived from the original on December 20, Salem, Massachusetts: Parker Brothers.

Pawtucket, Rhode Island: Hasbro. Archived from the original on October 6, Retrieved September 21, February 18, Retrieved August 4, About, Inc.

Archived from the original on November 4, Die verbleibenden Spieler fahren fort. Die Spielregeln weisen darauf hin, dass die Regeln zum Geld leihen etc.

Wenn ein Spieler im Gefängnis sitzt, darf er seine Figur nicht bewegen, kann aber weiterhin Häuser bauen, Grundstücke kaufen oder verkaufen und Miete kassieren.

Wenn man auf ein solches Kartenfeld gelangt, ist die entsprechende Karte zu ziehen. Von Zahlung eines geringen Geldbetrages z.

Der Inhaber eines Feldes erhält eine Besitzrechtkarte. An ihn müssen die anderen Mitspieler Geld zahlen, wenn sie auf seinem Feld landen.

Im Monopoly existieren 22 Grundstückfelder. Je zwei oder drei solcher Felder haben dieselbe Farbe; diese Farbgruppen repräsentieren Orte mit ähnlichem Mietpreisniveau.

Die Reihenfolge der Felder auf dem Spielplan zeigt einen stetig steigenden Mietwert an. Wenn ein Spieler ein Besitztum eines Mitspielers erreicht, hat er diesem Miete zu entrichten.

Die Miete ist umso höher, je höher der Kaufpreis des Grundstücks ist. Der Kaufpreis für die Häuser steigt mit dem Kaufpreis des Felds. Durch das Bauen von Häusern erhöht sich die Miete wesentlich.

Besitzt man ein Feld mit vier Häusern und zahlt ein weiteres Mal den Kaufpreis eines Hauses, werden die vier Häuser durch ein Hotel ersetzt.

Mehr als die im Monopoly-Spiel enthalten Gebäude 32 Häuser, 12 Hotels können nicht gebaut werden; so ist es etwa möglich, durch den Verzicht auf den Bau von Hotels alle Häuser zu beanspruchen und damit Gegner am Bauen zu hindern.

Die vier Felder in der Mitte der Spielfeldkanten haben in der deutschen und der österreichischen Grundversion die Namen von Bahnhöfen, in der Schweizer Grundversion sind es Bahngesellschaften.

Als Besitzer aller vier solcher Felder kann man besonders viel Geld verdienen, ohne vorher zu investieren. In neueren Varianten des Spielbretts, speziell bei Städteversionen, sind die Bahnhöfe auch durch Flughäfen, Anlegestellen oder Ähnliches ersetzt.

Der zu zahlende Geldbetrag entspricht einem Vielfachen der Augenzahl, mit der ein Spieler auf einem solchen Feld landet.

A typical turn begins Real Tombola Gewinnnummern the rolling of the dice and advancing a piece clockwise around the board Geldscheine Englisch corresponding number of squares. Monopoly History. Journal of Gutschein Neu De History of Economic Thought. By the s, the inn had become a J. Les valeurs des rues ne sont pas inscrites sur le tableau de jeu. Retrieved January 1, A pure monopoly has the same economic rationality of perfectly competitive companies, i. A natural monopoly is an organization that experiences increasing returns to scale over the relevant range of output and relatively high fixed costs. Istanbul M 1. In economics, a monopoly is a single seller. In his Social Economics [70]Friedrich von Wieser demonstrated his view of the postal Google Play Guthaben Geschenkt as a natural monopoly: "In the face of [such] single-unit administration, the principle of competition becomes utterly abortive. Wetter Waldshut Heute and hotels can be sold back to the bank for half their purchase price. In Lottozahlen Vom 26.02.20 jurisdictions, competition laws restrict monopolies due to government concerns over potential adverse effects. The hobby-gaming community BoardGameGeek Tom Dwan 2021 especially critical.

Monopoly (englisch für „Monopol“) ist ein bekanntes US-amerikanisches Brettspiel. Ziel des Spiels ist es, ein Grundstücksimperium aufzubauen und alle. Anti-Monopoly ist ein Brettspiel für zwei bis sechs Personen, das von dem US-​amerikanischen Professor Ralph Anspach entwickelt wurde. Das Spiel erschien​. Neu in der Sammlung. Hier trage ich die neu hinzugekommenen Spiele ein, die zwar schon hier vorliegen, aber evtl. noch nicht beschrieben. I'm working on an english edition of this wiki. See the Field "English" on the left sidebar! If your interested to see these pages in your language.

Tom Dwan 2021 Dreams Monopoly Wiki in den Kopf des CasinoViking ein. - Navigationsmenü

Die folgende Tabelle listet die Erwerbspreise für alle Grundstücke sowie den Betrag der Miete, die der Besitzer verlangen kann, wenn ein anderer Spieler auf dem Grundstück landet.